Events
1072 - Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo.
1475 - Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
1645 - Archbishop William Laud is beheaded at the Tower of London.
1776 - Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense.
1806 - Dutch settlers in Cape Town surrender to the British.
1810 - The marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.
1861 - American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union.
1863 - The London Underground, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between London Paddington station and Farringdon station.
1870 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
1901 - The first great Texas oil gusher is discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas.
1920 - The League of Nations holds its first meeting and ratifies the Treaty of Versailles ending World War I.
1922 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of the Irish Free State.
1923 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.
1941 - World War II: The Greek army captures Kleisoura.
1941 - Lend-Lease is introduced into the U.S. Congress.
1946 - The first General Assembly of the United Nations opens in London. Fifty-one nations are represented.
1962 - Apollo Project: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket booster. It became better known as the Saturn V moon rocket, which launched every Apollo moon mission.
1972 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to the newly independent Bangladesh as president after spending over nine months in prison in Pakistan.
1982 - The Freezer Bowl, the NFL's coldest game in terms of wind chill, at -37°F, is won by the Cincinnati Bengals who defeat the San Diego Chargers 27-7 and advance to Super Bowl XVI.
1984 - The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations after 117 years.
1989 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola.
1990 - Time Warner is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc.
2001 - A large piece of the chalk cliff at Beachy Head collapses into the sea.
2005 - A mudslide occurs in La Conchita, California, killing 10 people, injuring many more and closing the Highway 101, the main coastal corridor between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for 10 days.