Events
1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
1466 - The Thirteen Years War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
1649 - New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis' sword and formally surrendered in person to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, ending the American Revolutionary War.
1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
1822 - In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
1960 - The United States government places an embargo on Communist Cuba.
1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
1974 - Niue becomes self-governing colony of New Zealand
1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others die when their Tupolev 134 plane crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a Stock Market Crash.
1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal – they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
2001 - SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
2004 - Curt Schilling pitches a remarkable game and leads the Red Sox to a 4-2 win over the Yankees in Game 6 of the 2004 ALCS despite having surgery on his right ankle earlier that day .
2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the SPDC on charges of corruption.
2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
2007 - Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati, which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.
202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the invading Carthaginian army, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus in the Battle of Zama.
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